- PAKISTAN ECONOMIC and SOCIAL REVIEW, Vol # 54, Issue # 2
- FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN PAKISTAN
FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN PAKISTAN
- KALSOOM ZULFIQAR/
- MUHAMMAD ASLAM CHAUDHARY/
- ARIBAH ASLAM/
- December 31, 2016
Keywords
Financial Inclusion is considered an important means to realize the goal of inclusive economic growth. Present study examines the state of financial inclusion and its significance for inclusive growth in Pakistan. Empirical analysis suggests that Pakistan lags behind other countries vis-à-vis financial inclusion. The study utilizes probit estimation technique to find out the determinants of financial inclusion in Pakistan. It also investigates the relationship between perceived barriers to financial inclusion and individual characteristics. Determinants of various sources of borrowing are also investigated. Education level, income and gender discrimination are found to be important determining factors of financial inclusion. The results suggest that lack of money and requisite formalities are significant barriers to access financial services. It emphasizes comprehensive & easy financial access to all segments of society to promote and enhance sustainable inclusive economic growth to benefit all
Aghion P and Bolton P (1997), A Theory of Trickle-Down Growth and Development. Review of Economic Studies 64(2): 151-172.
Ali Khan, H.G., A.Z. Khan, A. Ahmad and A.E. Siraj (2011), Financial sector development and poverty reduction. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, Version 1.0, Global Journals Inc. (USA), 11(5): 58-62.
Aterido, R. and Hallward-Driemeier, M., (2010), The impact of the investment climate on employment growth: Does Sub-Saharan Africa mirror other low-income regions?. Policy Research Working Paper Series 5218, The World Bank.
Aterido, R., Hallward-Driemeier, M. and Pages, C., (2007), Investment Climate and Employment Growth: The Impact of Access to Finance, Corruption and Regulations Across Firms. IZA Discussion Paper No. 3138. Available t SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1032567
Banerjee, A. and Newman (1993), Occupational choice and the process of development. Journal of Political Economy, Volume 101, pp. 274-298.
Beck, T., A. Demirguc-Kunt and I. Ross (2004), “Finance inequality and poverty: Cross country evidence”. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper # 3338.
Clamara, N., Pena, X. and Tuesta, D. (2014), “Factors that Matter for financial Inclusion: Evidence from Peru”. BBVA Research, 14/09 Working Paper.
Clark, G., L. C. Xu and H. F. Zou (2003), “Finance and income inequality: Test of alternative theories”. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper # 2984
Chaia A, Dalal A, Goland, T., Gonzalez, MJ, Morduch, J. and Schiff, R. (2009), “Half the World is Unbanked”, Financial Access Initiative Framing Note. Kendall in GGAP Report, http://microfinance.cgap.org/;
Chakrabarty, K.C. (2010), “Inclusive Growth – Role of Financial Sector”, Address at the National Finance Conclave 2010, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar on November 27,2010 4.
Clark, G., L. C. Xu and H. F. Zou (2003), “Finance and income inequality: Test of alternative theories”. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper # 2984
Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L.& Singer, D. (2013) “Financial Inclusion and legal discrimination against women: Evidence from developing countries” World Bank Policy Research Working Papers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6416
Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & L. Klapper (2012). “Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex Database”. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6025.
Demirgüç-Kunt, A. & Beck, T.H.L. & Honohan, P., (2008). "Finance for all? Policies and pitfall, expanding access for all" Other publications TiSEM aec73d3a-d6eb-457f-9182-3, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
Dollar and Kraay (2002) “Growth is good for the poor”, Journal of Economic Growth 7, pp.195-225.
Ellahi, N. (2011) “How development of finance contributes to poverty alleviation and growth: A time series application for Pakistan” African Journal of Business management. Vol.5(30), pp. 12138-12143.
Galor, O. & Zeira, J. (1993) “Income Distribution and Macroeconomics” The Review of Economic Studies. Vol. 60, Issue 1, pp. 35-52
Gine, X. & Townsend, R. M., 2004 “ . "Evaluation of financial liberalization: a general equilibrium model with constrained occupation choice, . Journal of Development Economics, 74(2) August 2004: 269-304
Hannig, A and Jansen, S. (2010), “Financial Inclusion and Financial Stability: Current Policy Issues”. Asian Development Bank Institute. Working paper No. 259.
Honahan, P. (2007). “Cross-Country Variation in Household Access to Financial Services”. World Bank Paper Conference on “Access to Finance,” Washington, DC.
Honohan, P and Beck, T. (2007) “Making Finance Work for Africa” The World Bank.
Honohan, P. (2008). “Cross-Country Variation in Household Access to Financial Services”. Journal of Banking and Finance 32: pp. 2493–2500.
International Monetary Fund (IMF; 2013), “Jobs and Growth: Analytical and Operational Considerations for the fund”, Prepared by a staff team supervised by Kalpana Kochhar (SPR), Prakash Loungani (RES), Ranil Salgado (SPR), and Ben Clements (FAD);
Jalilian, H. and Kirkpatrick, C., 2002, “Financial development and poverty reduction in developing countries”, International Journal of Finance and Economics, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp 97-108 14.
Jalilian, H. and Kirkpatrick, C., 2005, “Does financial development contribute to poverty reduction?” Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 636-656.
Jeanneney, S.G. and Kpodar, K. (2008) “Financial development and poverty reduction: Can there be a benefit without a cost?” IMF Working paper. WP/08/62
Johnston, D. and Jonathan, M. (2008). “The Unbanked: Evidence from Indonesia.” World Bank Economic Review 22, 517-37.
Kahneman, A. & D. Tversky. (1979)" Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Uncertainty." Econometrica, 47 (March 1979): 263-92
Kakwani, N. (2000) “On Measuring Growth and Inequality Components of Poverty with application to Thailand”, Journal of Quantitative Economics.
Mylenko, and A. Ponce (2010). “Measuring Financial Access around the World.” Policy Research Working Paper 5253. World Bank, Washington, DC.
Leyshon, A., Thrif, N. (1997), “Geographies of financial exclusion: financial abandonment in Britain and the United States”. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. Royal Geographical Society (With the Institute of British Geographers). pp. 312-341.
Li, H., Squire, L.& Heng-fu, Z. (1997) “Explaining international and inter-temporal variations in income inequality” The Economic Journal 108: 1-18.
Lusardi, A. and Mitchell, O. “The Economic Importance of Financial Literacy: Theory and Evidence” Journal of Economic Literature 2014, 52(1), 5–44.
Mellor, J.W. (1999) “Pro-poor growth- The Relation Between Growth in agriculture and Poverty Reduction” Prepared for USAID/G/EGAD.
Nenova, T., Niang, C. and Ahmad, A. (2009) “Bringing Finance to Pakistan’s Poor: A Study on Access to Finance for the Underserved and Small Enterprises” Working paper. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Odhiambo, N.M., (2010), “Is Financial Development a Spur to Poverty Reduction? Kenya’s Experience”, Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 37, Issue 4.
Ramos, R., Ranieri, R., Lammens, J. (2013) "Mapping Inclusive Growth" International Policy centre for Inclusive Growth(IPC-IG), Working Paper No.105
Raza, M., Fayyaz,M. and Syed, N. (2016) “ An overview of Financial Inclusion in Pakistan.” International Journal of Management Sciences Vol. 6, No. 12, 2016, 572-581
Rehman, H., Khan, S. and Ahmed, I. (2008), “Income Distribution, Growth and Financial Development: A Cross Countries Analysis” Pakistan Economic and Social Review. Vol. 46, No. 1 (Summer 2008), pp. 1-16
Shahbaz, M. & Islam, F., (2011). "Financial development and income inequality in Pakistan: An application of ARDL approach" MPRA Paper. 28222, University Library of Munich, Germany.
Shahbaz, M. (2010). "Income inequality-economic growth and non-linearity: a case of Pakistan," International Journal of Social Economics” Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 3.
Shahbaz, M. (2009), “Financial Performance and Earnings of Poor People: A Case Study of Pakistan,” Journal of Yasar University, 4, 2557-2572.
Tuesta, D. Sorensen,G. Haring, A. and Cámara, N. (2015) “ Financial inclusion and its determinants: the case of Argentina” BBVA research Working Paper no.15/03.
West, A. and Lahren, S. (2016) “Policy Analysis on financial inclusion of women in Pakistan” The Evans school Review.Vol.6
World Bank. (2008). Finance for All? Policies and Pitfalls in Expanding Access. Washington, DC: World Bank
Zuzana, F. and Weill, L. (2014) “Understanding Financial inclusion in China” Bank of Finland, Institute for economies in transition (BOFIT). University of Strasbourg, Working paper 2014-06.
Statistics
Author(s):
KALSOOM ZULFIQAR
Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Economics, University of the Punjab, Lahore
Pakistan
- sakoang@yahoo.ca
MUHAMMAD ASLAM CHAUDHARY
Professor of EconomicsThe University of Lahore, Lahore – Pakistan
Pakistan
- aslamchm@hotmail.com
ARIBAH ASLAM
Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Economics, The University of Lahore, Lahore – Pakistan.
Pakistan
Details:
Type: | Articles |
Volume: | 54 |
Issue: | 2 |
Language: | English |
Id: | 6073d8f4eedd6 |
Pages | 297 - 325 |
Published | December 31, 2016 |
Statistics
|
---|

Copyrights
The research published by Pakistan Economic and Social Review (PESR) is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. It allows readers to Share_ copy and redistribute, Adapt_ remix and transform. PESR offers free full text downloading to its online contents to all readers. No subscription fee is required to read and download online articles. |
---|

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.